An Impact Assessment of Business Process Reengineering...

AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING (BPR) ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NAIROBI’S INDUSTRIAL AREA Spencer Oluoch Okach 045593 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO FACULTY OF COMMERCE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (MARKETING OPTION) OF STRATHMORE UNIVERSITY IN APRIL 2010 DECLARATION STUDENT DECLARATION: This research project report is my own original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. Information from other sources has been duly acknowledged Spencer Okach Student Signature: Date: SUPERVISOR DECLARATION: This research project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university†¦show more content†¦1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 Background to the Study ............................................................................................................... 1 Problem Definition........................................................................................................................ 3 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 4 Importance of Study .......................................................... ............................................................ 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 BPR and Organization Performance ............................................................................................. 9 BPR and Cost of Production ......................................................................................................... 9 BPR and Quality of Goods Services

Kant Kant s Ethics - 1293 Words

Khaled AlMarwani Philosophical Ethics PHL270 Dr. Elizabeth F. Cooke Question # 1: Kant’s Ethics According to my humble reading, Kant is considered the hardest to read, grasp and understand among the philosophers that we came across studying ethics. According to Kant, nothing could be called good without qualification except a good will. And the good will is the desire or the tendency to do your duty because it is your duty, not anything else. Thus, nothing can be gained out of an action. And only this motivation that gives moral worth to do an action; and only that shows you are a good moral person because when a person does his act based on doing just his duty, that action would pass the categorical imperative test (doing act is based on doing the duty (period) actually, not because passing the categorical imperative test for itself) (Kant, the Good Will). Also, it shows you are a good person if you have a good will and vice versa. Only the good will virtue is the virtue that had been accepted by Kant and not anything else. Because you might be courageous or intelligent but that does not mean you would be good moral man because you might be criminal or thief unless if you enhance your courage or intelligence with a good will. Even happiness, must have good will. For a broad example about good will, you do not cheat in exam because you do not cheat not because the professor is present at the room, or you don not steal from the grocery store because you doShow MoreRelatedKant And Kant s Philosophy On Ethics970 Words   |  4 PagesEthics, What is it? many a man have asked the same question. A dictionary describes ethics as-moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Is there a universal ethical behavior ? Are all countries ethical ? Theses very same questions many philosophers have tried to figure through time from Socrates to Immanuel kant (and to this very day for the matter!). While comparing two great eathist Plato and Immanuel Kant I, the writer argue that Kant s ideological views on ethic s were farRead MoreKant And Kant s Moral Ethics862 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Kant, We have these absolute duties to ourselves and these duties to oneself become the supreme principle of all duties. Therefore, these supreme self-duties are the reason why moral ethics exist, and without our duties to oneself there would be no other duties, nor would we, as a species, survive at all. However, these self-regarding duties can be very contradicting, but can help us understand the bigger picture of the categorical imperative. Kant believes that we must â€Å"act only accordingRead MoreThe Basic Point Of Kant s Ethics Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, Kant s ethics is called formalism since it concentrates on the shape or structure of an ethical judgment (the way that every ethical mandate have the frame you should do X). 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Integrated Marketing Mix of Coca Cola †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Marketing Mix of Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction: A successful marketing of a new product requires a targeted market strategy where the main goal will be to build a strong customer base and to generate revenue. It is important to identify the targeted market and analyzing the customer base who will purchase the products. By identifying the target market, it becomes easier to highlight the features and benefits of the product management. The companies use different value proposition statement which will benefit and increase the sales of the company as well as maintain an economic moat. The company promises the customers through this value proposition statement (Tedlow 2014). Marketing mix strategies are used by the company for the promotion of brand or product in the market. This will highlight the marketing mix strategies of diet coke. Diet Coke is a sugar free drink which was introduced by Coca Cola. Diet Coke do not use the modified formula of Coca Cola but entirely a different receipe. Diet coke is sweetened by aspartame,a n arti ficial sweetener and thus sweetener is available in United States to save money. It will make an in-depth analysis of the 4Ps of marketing mix. Further, value proposition and the targeted market of Coca Coals Diet Coke will be discussed in details in this paper (Aaron and Siegel 2017). Market Segmentation refers to the process of dividing the market management of potential customers into different segments or group depending on different characteristics. The vital and the most important element of market segmentation theory is that the company will spend money on that customer group who are willing to buy the product. This segmentation may be positive or negative. Coca Cola in its first stage will establish the market and identify the targeted customers. This can be done through market surveys. Certain economic and demographic factors must also be taken into consideration for conducting market surveys. Coca Cola must also map the entire market. Retail, wholesale and logistic costs are the most important parameters which must be taken into consideration in this aspect (Ferrell and Hartline 2014). Variable Marked Breakdowns 1. Geographical Region Queensland (Far North South), New South Whales (north coast western), Lakes District- Victoria City Size 5000 to 2,000,000 over Density Climate Sub-urban, Urban, Rural Western, eastern sea board, northern southern(sales increase in Summer) Variable Marked Breakdowns 2. Demographic Age Ranging from 15 to 25 till age of 40 or more Sex It is an unisex product Size of the family 5 and more Lifecycle All generations Income Variant targeted income levels Occupation All possible professionals of the society Education Colleges and Schools Religion Available for all Nationality Australian, Japanese, New Zealand, British and more Variable Marked Breakdowns 3. Psychographic Socioeconomic Various social classes Status Integration of valuables like education Attitudes, values and lifestyle groups Social awareness and achievements in society Personality Any pleasant and authoritarian in the society Variable Marked Breakdowns 4. Behavioral Purchase occasion Famous for both regular and customized occasions Sought for Benefits Standardized service and revenue gain Status for Users Any existing and potential users Rates of Users Regular or heavy users Readiness level Anyone interested to purchase Reaction to the Product Enthusiastic and supportive customers A well defined and proper target market is the first and the vital element of marketing strategy. In target marketing, the business decides to direct its marketing effort within a particular serviceable area to a particular group of customers (Reed 2014). Similarly, Coca Cola has also targeted a particular segment of customers for diet coke. Women of young and middle age who are trying to lose their weight are the main target segments of these product. Moreover, the company has also targeted the working people as its advertisement emphasizes on taking a break from the working days and also helps people to cope up with the hectic lifestyle. Thus, it can be said that Coca Colas Diet Coke targets the health conscious people who are sociable, lively, and independent and fun loving (Hutt and Speh 2013). Positioning is a vital area for each business organization as transparent and advantageous position in the consumers mind will lead the business towards success. As mentioned by Blankson and Dai (2017), target market analysis is an effective tool for the business industries to understand their current market position. Coca Colas Diet Coke will expand in different countries and the women are the main targeted group. Advertisement of Diet Coke is an useful aspect to make a good position in the customers mind as ways of product advertising attract the consumers towards the product (Li and Lopez 2015). According to Kanwal, Samalia and Singh (2017), selection of right distribution channel is another crucial aspect through which an organization gets valuable position in the competitive market. On the other hand, positioning can be gained through the pricing strategy. On the other hand, positioning can also be gained through the pricing strategy. Coca Cola is offering Diet Coke at an afford able price. The business strategy of Coca Cola will help to achieve a good position in the market (Armstrong et al. 2015). Value proposition allows the company to convince the customers for a particular product or service. It is a promise of the value that is to be delivered by the company for business expansion. Coca Cola needs to attract the customers by introducing its new sugar free product which will be widely preferred by the health conscious customers. It will also help the customers in reducing their problem because there are no such products of other companies which is sugar free. Value proposition canvas model focuses on the benefits, features and experiences of the product. Thus, by following this, Coca Cola will be able to design their new product i.e. Diet Coke based on the needs of the customers. In order to create an effective value proposition, it is necessary to understand what value proposition is (Foster et al.2014). Moreover, a strong and effective value proposition model is also important for online marketing strategy because this strategy is important for increasing the customer bas e of the company. The important value proposition that Coca Cola is delivering its customers is very specific. A successful value proposition has three important characteristics and it clearly outlines the benefits consumers will get after purchasing the product, a clear statement which will differentiate the product from its rival or competitive product and customers conviction that the product will solve their problem (McDarby et al. 2016). Coca Cola is such a brand which clearly states its values such as integrity, leadership, diversity, passion, collaboration and quality. The diet coke which was introduced by Coca Cola targets the health conscious women customers who expect better and healthy life. Coca Coals internal competitor, Coke Zero is creating competition with Diet Coke. There is a similarity between the two brands because they have appealed to the customers with changing lifestyle. They have also focused on the natural ingredient and have helped the health conscious cus tomers (Davis et al. 2016). With the introduction of Diet Coke, Coca Cola has increased its sales volume and it has also helped in improving the brand value of the company. The product is sweetened by artificial sweetener aspartame and it had a different and unique formula for manufacturing. The recipe which the company used for Diet Coke was different from other Coca Cola brand. The calorie content of Diet Coke in a can of 330 ml was only 1.3 kilocalories. Diet Coke which contained no caffeine was launched by the company in 1983 and it contained no caffeine or sugar content. The company has launched Diet Coke with Splenda in 2005 which had 2.83 mg of caffeine content. It also contained Splenda Sweetner (Grewal et al. 2015). Another product i.e. Diet Coke with Citrus Zest was launched in 2007 and it is available in Bosnia and United Kingdom. Diet Coke Lime was released by the company in 2004 and it is available in Ireland, United States, Canada and United Kingdom. Another product i.e. Diet Coke Cherry was launc hed in 1986 and it is widely available in United States and United Kingdom in different tastes and flavors of cherries (Pride et al. 2015). In 2011. Diet Coke has surpassed Pepsi in its sales for the first time and thus it has become the second most preferred soda Coca cola. Finally, Coca Cola has introduced Diet Coke and it is a sparkling beverage which is available in a great flavor without any calorie or sugar content. In 2013, Coca cola has swapped its logo in United Kingdom with Coke Zero and Diet Coke cans and thus organized a summer long Share a coke campaign. Diet Coke is an energetic drink with good taste. It is available in different sizes and is widely demanders by the customers. Diet Coke is available in two variants, one with vitamin B3, B12 and vitamin C. The other variants contain antioxidants with Vitamin C and green tea. The 350 ml bottle of Coca Cola will contain 52.5% of the daily recommended allowance of the vitamins and thus it will help to maintain a healthy im mune system. Moreover, Diet Coke also offers consumers to enjoy their favourite Diet Coke while doing their regular work (De Mooij 2013). Place plays an important role in the success and failure of a particular business. Diet Coke has created a niche market of its own. The product was first launched in United States in six markets. Diet Coke is one of the most successful brand of its parent company and its products are available in India, United States, new Zealand, Bosnia, Isreal, Austria and in many other countries. It has a proper distribution network that helps to market its product competently and easily. Coca Cola uses intensive distribution policy such that its products are easily available in different grocery stores, departmental stores and supermarkets. Moreover, it is also important that the company to make sure that its products is within the reach of every customer. Diet Coke also has a strong distribution channel. This product of Coca Cola is within the reach of the customers and it can be purchased easily from any stores (Bejou 2014). A perfect pricing policy is necessary and important for the success of any brand. It is also important for generation of revenue and profitability of the company. Diet Coke has used different pricing strategies for its brand. The price skimming policy of diet coke was used in beginning when the product was introduced. Later on Diet Coke has switched to competitive pricing strategy because there were many similar products which were launched by its rival company. Coca Cola also uses discount pricing strategy to increase the sales volume. This has helped the company in maintaining its customer base and also increasing the profitability of the company. The price of Diet Coke is similar and suitable compared to the products of its competitors (Boelsen-Robinson et al. 2015) Diet Coke requires good promotional activities to be preferred by the customers. Coca Colas Diet Coke has targeted the health conscious customers. Moreover, it has also targeted the diabetic customers. The women of young and middle age are the main target groups of the company. The no sugar content of Diet Coke is a boon and thus it has helped the company to attain success and improve its profitability (Keegan and Green 2015). Coca Cola has also followed aggressive promotional policy that has helped in expanding the market and thus increasing awareness and viability among the customers. Diet coke also invited different customers to Get a taste of the good life. Campaign. This television commercial took place in UK. Diet Coke has tried to project its product as a healthy choice to its customers. Advertisements were given on radio, magazine and television, newspaper and billboards to cover the maximum areas. As part of the promotional activities different concert and movie tickets were also provided. The customers were also provided with attractive discounts (Davis et al. 2016). Thus, it can be said that Diet Coke has considered the demand of the customers and it is widely accepted by them. Coca Cola as focused on the strength as well as it has tried to eliminate the weakness of the other products to fulfill the demands of the customers. The targeted customers of Diet Coke are the individuals with high income. Moreover, Coca cola has focused on place because this marketing channel will help in improving the distribution channel. This in turn will also improve the profitability of the company. The company has created such a product so that it can benefit the health conscious customers. It is important for Coca Cola to implement the marketing concepts successfully so that they can fulfill the needs and wants of the customers. The company has used different promotional strategies to attract the customers References Aaron, D.G. and Siegel, M.B., 2017. Sponsorship of national health organizations by two major soda companies.American journal of preventive medicine,52(1), pp.20-30. Armstrong G, Adam S, Denize S, Kotler P, 2015, Principles of Marketing, 6th edn, Pearson, Australia Bejou, D 2014, Capturing customer equity: Moving from products to customers, Taylor and Francis, Hoboken. (eBook) Boelsen-Robinson, T., Backholer, K. and Peeters, A., 2015. Digital marketing of unhealthy foods to Australian children and adolescents.Health promotion international,31(3), pp.523-533. Davis, E.L., Wojtanowski, A.C., Weiss, S., Foster, G.D., Karpyn, A. and Glanz, K., 2016. Employee and Customer Reactions to a Healthy In-Store Marketing Intervention in Supermarkets.Journal of Food Research,5(1), p.107. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Ferrell, OC and Hartline, MD 2014, Marketing strategy, South Western Cengage Learning, Mason OH. Foster, G.D., Karpyn, A., Wojtanowski, A.C., Davis, E., Weiss, S., Brensinger, C., Tierney, A., Guo, W., Brown, J., Spross, C. and Leuchten, D., 2014. Placement and promotion strategies to increase sales of healthier products in supermarkets in low-income, ethnically diverse neighborhoods: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(6), pp.1359-1368. Grewal, D, Levy, M, Mathews, S, Harrigan, P and Bucic, T 2015, Marketing, McGraw-Hill Education, North Ryde NSW. Hansen, J.T., 2016. Constructing a Product Brand Identity: The Case of Coca-Cola. Hutt, MD and Speh, TW 2013, Business marketing management: B2B, Cengage Learning, Mason Ohio South-Western. Li, X. and Lopez, R.A., 2015. Do Brand Advertising Spillovers Matter?.Agribusiness,31(2), pp.229-242. McDarby, F., O'hora, D., O'shea, D. and Byrne, M., 2016. Taking the sweetness out of the Share a Cokemarketing campaign: the influence of personalized labelling on elementary school children's bottled drink choices.Pediatric obesity. Pride, WM, Ferrell, OC, Lukas, BA, Schembri, S Niininen, O 2015, Marketing principles, Cengage Learning, South Melbourne VIC. Reed, PW, 2014, Strategic marketing: decision making and planning, Cengage Learning, South Melbourne, Victoria. Tedlow, R.S., 2014. 2 The fourth phase of marketing.The Rise and Fall of Mass Marketing (RLE Marketing),25, p.8. Keegan, WJ and Green, MC., 2015. Global marketing, Pearson, Boston.

Practice Exam free essay sample

Suppose the amount of tar in cigarettes is described by a normal model with a mean of 3. 5 mg and a standard deviation of 0. 5 mg. a. What proportion of cigarettes have a tar content that exceeds 4. 25 mg? b. In order to advertise as a low tar brand, a manufacturer must prove that their tar content is below the 25th percentile of the tar content distribution. Find the 25th percentile of the distribution of tar amounts. 11. Has the percentage of young girls drinking milk changed over time? The following table is consistent with the results from â€Å"Beverage Choices of Young Females: Changes and Impact on Nutrient Intakes† (Shanthy A. Bowman, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102(9), pp. 1234-1239): Nationwide Food Survey Years 1987-1988 1989-1991 1994-1996 354 502 366 226 335 366 580 837 732 Drinks Fluid Milk a. 1. 2. 3. 4. Total Yes 1222 No 927 Total 2149 Find the following: What percent of the young girls reported that they drink milk? What percent of the young girls were in the 1989-1991 survey? What percent of the young girls who reported that they drink milk were in the 1989-1991 survey? What percent of the young girls in 1989-1991 reported that they drink milk? b. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is the marginal distribution of milk consumption? 12. Its the last inning of an important baseball game. The home team is losing by a run, the bases are loaded and the manager needs a pinch hitter. Two batters are available to pinch hit. Here are their statistics: Player Overall vs Left-handed pitching vs Right-handed pitching A 33 for 103 28 for 81 5 for 22 B 45 for 151 12 for 32 33 for 119 Based on their overall batting averages and their batting averages against right-handed and left-handed pitchers, who would you select as the pinch hitter? What is this phenomenon called? 13. The mean SAT verbal score of next years freshmen entering the local university is 600. It is also known that 69. 5% of these freshmen have scores that are less than 625. If the scores can be described by a normal model, what is the standard deviation of the scores? 14. Two students are enrolled in an introductory statistics course at the University of Florida. The first student is in a morning section and the second student is in an afternoon section. If the student in the morning section takes a midterm and earns a score of 76, while the student in the afternoon section takes a midterm with a score of 72, which student has performed better compared to the rest of the students in his respective class?